Microencapsulation technologyyog ib lub tshuab uas siv cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los yog hluavtaws polymer los encapsulate khoom, kua, los yog gaseous tshuaj los tsim microcapsules nrog semi-permeable los yog ntim capsules. Cov khoom me me tsim tau hu ua microcapsules. Microencapsulation thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev lub zog ntawm cov khoom encapsulated, cais cov khoom xyaw nquag los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud, txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg, txo qhov tsis muaj zog, thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej txee. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj kev tswj kev tso tawm ua haujlwm. Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo, microencapsulation thev naus laus zis tau kawm tob thiab siv rau hauv thaj chaw tshuaj, txuj lom, ua zaub mov, textiles thiab khaub ncaws.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm microencapsulation tshuab tau pib hauv xyoo 1930s. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev los npaj gelatin microcapsules ntawm cod siab roj hauv cov kua paraffin nrog gelatin ua cov khoom siv phab ntsa. Thaum xyoo 1940s, microencapsulation tshuab tau ua tiav thiab pib siv rau hauv tshuaj npaj txheej. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, microencapsulation tshuab tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam xws li tsw qab tso tawm, dyes tshiab, thiab ua zaub mov.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa microcapsule
Cov khoom siv phab ntsa ntawm microcapsules yog lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav. Cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa hauv daim ntawv thov sib txawv kuj txawv. Tam sim no, muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa feem ntau siv hauv tshuab microcapsule: ntuj polymers, semi-synthetic polymer cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa yog: cov khoom siv phab ntsa tuaj yeem sib haum nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab tiv taus kub, kev sib txhuam, thiab extrusion. Cov khoom siv phab ntsa yuav tsum muaj qee yam permeability, hygroscopicity, thiab solubility.
1. Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj polymer
Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj polymer uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa feem ntau suav nrog gelatin, pos hniav arabic, shellac, lac, starch, dextrin, wax, rosin, sodium alginate, pob kws protein, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj polymer feem ntau muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, ruaj khov, thiab yooj yim tsim zaj duab xis.
2. Semi-synthetic polymer cov ntaub ntawv
Cov ntaub ntawv semi-synthetic polymer uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa feem ntau suav nrog methyl cellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam.
Semi-synthetic polymer cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg, siab viscosity, thiab nce solubility tom qab ntsev tsim, tab sis lawv tau yooj yim hydrolyzed, tsis tiv taus kub kub, thiab yuav tsum tau npaj ib ntus.
3. Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymer
Cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws hluavtaws uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa feem ntau suav nrog polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polypropylene, polyether, polyurea, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl cawv, polyamide, polyacrylamide, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polysiloxane, thiab lwm yam. .
Cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws hluavtaws muaj cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, muaj zog txhua yam, yooj yim cia thiab thauj mus los, thiab yog biodegradable lossis bioabsorbable. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv xav tau ntau cov organic solvents, raug nqi, thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom nrog cov solubility zoo hauv cov tshuaj qub yuav tsum raug xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj microcapsules. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau microcapsules. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv qee cov monomers uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lub capsule core thiab qee cov additives nyob rau hauv encapsulation.
Txoj kev npaj ntawm microcapsules
1) Disperse cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb (theem sab hauv) hauv microencapsulation nruab nrab;
2) Ntxiv cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab (cov khoom siv phab ntsa) rau cov txheej txheem tsim tawm;
3) Sib sau ua ke, tso nyiaj, lossis qhwv cov khoom siv phab ntsa nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv qee txoj kev;
4) Siv qee yam kev siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg los kho thiab ua kom cov khoom siv phab ntsa kom lub plhaub taum mus txog qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Kev siv microcapsules hauv ntau qhov chaw
Microcapsules feem ntau muaj 6 lub luag haujlwm hauv qab no: Hmoov, tig cov kua, roj, thiab lwm yam rau hauv cov hmoov qhuav, txo cov volatility, ua rau qee yam tsis yooj yim rau volatilize; Txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom (cov khoom uas yooj yim oxidized, yooj yim decomposed los ntawm lub teeb, thiab yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm kub los yog noo noo); Masking saj; cais cov khoom xyaw nquag; Tswj kev tso tawm. Vim yog rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb no, lawv tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xws li tshuaj, khoom noj, thiab tshuaj pleev xim.
- Biological teb
Cov txheej txheem ntawm encapsulating los yog qhwv cov kab mob lom nrog cov ntaub ntawv microencapsulation los tsim cov microcapsules uas muaj cov kab mob lom hu ua microencapsulation ntawm cov kab mob lom. Cells immobilized los ntawm microcapsules tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm ib puag ncig hnyav (acids thiab alkalis, kub, organic solvents, tshuaj lom, thiab lwm yam); immobilized hlwb yog ib qho yooj yim rau kab lis kev cai thiab muaj peev xwm yuav cultured tsis tu ncua. Microencapsulated biological cells tau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev lag luam zaub mov, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov kev ua tau zoo heev.
Microencapsulated tsiaj hlwb tau siv los npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob monoclonal vim lawv qhov kev sib cais zoo heev thiab tswj cov khoom tso tawm. Kev sim tau pom tias kev txhaj tshuaj microencapsulated hybridoma hlwb rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous ntawm nas tuaj yeem ua rau lawv zais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis zoo li microencapsulated hybridoma hlwb, unencapsulated hybridoma hlwb tau hloov mus rau hauv cov nas tsis muaj zog, uas ua rau cov nas tuag.
Microencapsulated probiotics kuj muaj lawv qhov zoo. Txawm hais tias probiotics muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txhim kho plab hnyuv ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj lub cev, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob nyob tau txo qis heev thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom rau cov hnyuv, yog li txwv lub physiological. cov teebmeem ntawm probiotics. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tshuab microencapsulation hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj probiotics xav kom daws tau cov teeb meem ntawm probiotics ' intolerance rau gastric acid thiab lub sij hawm luv luv. Nyiv thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb yog cov teb chaws uas siv cov tshuab microencapsulation rau probiotics ua ntej thiab tau thov rau ntau patents. kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no pib lig tab sis tau ua tiav sai.
- Pharmaceutical teb
Microcapsules muaj ntau yam kev siv tshuaj thiab kev kho mob, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg thiab muaj peev xwm zoo. Tam sim no, cov kev tshawb fawb ntsig txog kuj yog qhov tob heev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj microencapsulation yog tias nws tuaj yeem txo cov kev mob tshwm sim, cais cov kua qaub hauv plab, txhim kho cov tshuaj stability, tswj cov tshuaj tso tawm, thiab lwm yam.
Lub microencapsulation ntawm Suav tshuaj ntsuab zoo heev txo cov iab, tsw, thiab cov kev phiv ntawm cov tshuaj, txo cov khaus plab, thiab txo cov tshuaj volatilization. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin yog ib qho tshuaj camptothecin los tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav siv hauv tsev kho mob hauv kuv lub tebchaws, tab sis nws daim ntawv thov tus nqi raug txwv los ntawm nws cov kev cuam tshuam loj thiab tsis muaj bioavailability. Lub 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) sustained-tso microcapsules npaj los ntawm electrostatic attraction txheej-los ntawm-txheej nano-self-assembly technology (LBL txoj kev) muaj encapsulation efficiency thiab sustained-tso cov khoom, uas txhim kho daim ntawv thov nqi ntawm Suav. tshuaj ntsuab HCPT [1].
- Tshuaj lom neeg txhua hnub
Hais txog cov khoom siv tshuaj niaj hnub, cov roj tseem ceeb microcapsules feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, khoom tu tawv nqaij, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Li Xu Jing et al. tau kawm txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab microcapsules hauv cov ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab pom tias thaum cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab microcapsules siv los ntim cov roj tseem ceeb thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb thaum ntxuav thiab tom qab yaug tuaj yeem txhim kho ntawm tus nqi qis. Tom qab cov roj tseem ceeb yog microencapsulated, cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau txiav thiab sib npaug rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog microcapsule raws li tus neeg nqa khoom, thiab nws tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev, tib lub sijhawm nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm stabilizing. cov khoom xyaw zoo thiab txo qhov khaus ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Teb zaub mov
Kev siv cov tshuab microcapsule hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los thiab kev cia khoom, tiv thaiv cov volatilization, oxidation, thiab deterioration ntawm qee cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis ruaj khov, txo lossis npog qhov tsw phem lossis iab hauv cov zaub mov, tswj kev tso tawm. flavouring microcapsules nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ntev-ntev tsw thiab ntev-ntev kev ua tau zoo, thiab zam kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam khoom. additives nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj. Piv txwv li, qee cov pigments ntuj muaj teeb meem ntawm kev solubility tsis zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv daim ntawv thov. Tom qab microencapsulation, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog hloov lawv cov khoom solubility tab sis kuj txhim kho lawv cov stability.
- Dye field
Lub hauv paus ntawm microcapsule dyeing yog ua microcapsules nrog dyes ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Thaum dyeing, cov dye microcapsules tuaj yeem muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv da dej dye, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dye nyob rau hauv fiber ntau, dye da dej, thiab tshuaj ntsiav yog siv los ua cov xim tsis tu ncua tso tawm, adsorbed, thiab dyed ntawm cov fiber ntau kom tiav. dyeing. Siv microcapsule dyes rau dyeing tuaj yeem tsim cov xim zoo nkauj thiab daws tau qee qhov teeb meem hauv textile printing thiab dyeing, xws li txo cov nqi, txhim kho kev siv dyeing, ua kom yooj yim rau kev lim dej pov tseg, thiab ua tiav cov dyeing tsis muaj dej thiab tsis muaj dej. Peb lub ntsiab xim ntawm high-temperature dispersed dyes raug xaiv los soj ntsuam cov xim sib piv ntawm microcapsule dyeing ntawm polyester suede. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov saturation ntawm dispersed dye microcapsule xim kuaj feem ntau tau txhim kho, thiab qhov pom tseeb xim qhov tob tau nce, qhia tias nws cov xim sib xyaw ua tau.
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