Dab tsi yog functional monosaccharides
Crystalline Fructose
(I) Cov yam ntxwv
Crystallized fructose yog ib hom tshiab sweetener, ib qho qab zib ntuj dav pom nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li txiv apples, bananas, strawberries, pears, thiab mangoes, thiab zib mu. Crystalline fructose hloov los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm txoj kev enzymatic thiab yog cov piam thaj isomer. Nws yog cov xim tsis muaj xim nyob rau hauv tsos thiab 1.3 mus rau 1.8 npaug sweeter dua sucrose. Nws tuaj yeem siv los hloov sucrose hauv kev ua zaub mov kom txo cov suab thaj ntawm cov khoom. Nws tuaj yeem siv ib leeg lossis sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom qab zib ua cov khoom qab zib los ua lub luag haujlwm sib koom ua ke.
Crystalline fructose muaj cov yam ntxwv qab zib qab zib, thiab nws cov tsos mob hloov pauv nrog qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev ua cov khoom noj hauv tub yees lossis khov. Raws li monosaccharide, crystalline fructose kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
① Nws yuav tsis siv los ntawm cov kab mob hauv qhov ncauj thiab tsis yooj yim ua rau cov hniav lwj, yog li nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hniav;
② Nws yog absorbed maj mam thaum hla txoj hnyuv. Thaum nqus tau, nws yuav hloov mus rau glycogen. Tus nqi metabolic nrawm dua li qabzib, thiab cov txheej txheem metabolic tsis nyob ntawm insulin. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog ceev ceev;
③ Nws yog cov khoom siv qis glycemic index (GI) raw khoom nrog tus nqi GI ntawm 19. Nws yuav tsis ua rau cov ntshav qab zib nce siab tom qab noj, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua thiab tsim khoom noj rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
(II) Kev thov
Lub siab qab zib thiab saj zoo heev ntawm crystalline fructose ua rau nws hloov pauv sucrose hauv ntau lub teb chaws, siv hauv cov suab thaj hauv tsev, dej haus, khoom noj siv mis, khoom qab zib, thiab khoom noj qab haus huv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua cov khoom qab zib hauv cov khoom noj siv mis, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov suab thaj xim av los tsim cov yogurt xim av thiab xim av lactic acid cov dej haus.
Crystalline fructose tuaj yeem ua rau metabolized sai thiab tuaj yeem muab lub zog sai, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dej qab zib ua kis las thiab cov khoom noj kis las; crystalline fructose muaj qhov hnyav me me thiab lub siab osmotic siab thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom qab zib xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws cia, txiv hmab txiv ntoo candied, jams, thiab cov kaus poom txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig sai dua thiab txhim kho cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov.
Thaum siv cov khoom noj ci, crystalline fructose yog qhov ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Maillard, uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom muaj xim zoo nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim nws qhov muaj zog hygroscopicity, nws tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm cov dej poob hauv cov khoom, uas ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv inhibiting starch aging thiab tswj cov txee-lub neej stability. Hauv Suav teb, Tebchaws Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab Nyij Pooj, crystalline fructose tau suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj pharmacopeia thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj hauv qhov ncauj lossis txhaj tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
2. Allulose
(I) Cov yam ntxwv
D-allulose, tseem hu ua D-ribose-2- hexulose, muaj cov mis mos molecular ntawm C6H12O6 thiab cov txheeb ze molecular loj ntawm 180.16. Allulose yog ib qho ntawm cov suab thaj tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg hauv qhov xwm txheej. Allulose tshwm raws li cov siv lead ua dawb nrog solubility siab thiab qab zib ntawm 70% ntawm sucrose. Nws saj zoo li sucrose. Vim nws tsis muaj qab zib, nws feem ntau siv ua ke nrog stevioside thiab mogroside. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua cov khoom qab zib, D-allulose tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus los txhim kho ntim thiab kev ntxhib los mos.
Tsis tas li ntawd, allulose kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov viscosity tsawg, yooj yim browning, acid tsis kam, thiab kub tsis kam, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv cov zaub mov. Kwv yees li 70% ntawm D-allulose noj los ntawm tib neeg lub cev tau nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm txoj hnyuv me thiab tom qab ntawd tawm hauv cov zis los yog quav. Txawm hais tias ib feem ntawm nws yog absorbed los ntawm lub cev, lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab yog tsawg heev.
Hauv 2011, D-psicose tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj GRAS, lees paub qhov kev nyab xeeb, daim ntawv thov, thiab kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm allulose. Hauv xyoo 2019, FDA tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv qhia txog kev noj zaub mov, uas tau hais meej meej tias allulose tsis suav nrog cov khoom qab zib ntxiv, thiab cov khoom calories raug suav tias yog 0.4kcal / g.
(II) Kev thov
Allulose feem ntau yog muag raws li cov khoom qab zib hauv daim ntawv ntawm monomers lossis cov suab thaj sib xyaw hauv ob peb lub tebchaws xws li North America, Nyiv, thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dej qab zib tsis muaj qab zib, khoom qab zib, khoom ci, thiab khoom noj siv mis.
Allulose siv hauv cov khoom ci tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo cov suab thaj thiab calories ntawm cov khoom thiab txhim kho cov xim ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov foaming kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov qe dawb, txhim kho lub zog thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab txhim kho kev nthuav dav thiab saj ntawm cov khoom.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tom qab ntxiv allulose rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm gelatin mos khoom qab zib, cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom qab zib softens, elasticity yog siab dua, crystallinity txo, cov khoom calories tsawg, thiab kev ntxhib los mos hloov me ntsis thaum lub sij hawm cia. Allulose muaj cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb hauv kev txo cov ntshav qab zib, txo cov ntshav lipids, thiab tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib thiab rog. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom noj qab haus huv, thiab tshuaj rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib thiab rog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, allulose tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov tshuaj neuroprotective, thiab nws tseem qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov hniav caries thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab.
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